新疆哈密2018·7·31特大暴雨山洪汇水量估算与应用研究          下载免费PDF全文

王梅霞  张太西  余行杰  张连成  张旭 《干旱区地理》2020,43(4):939-945

在干旱少雨的山区开展小流域的暴雨山洪预报预警关键技术研究,对防灾减灾意义重大。2018年7月31日新疆哈密北部山区出现特大暴雨,发生罕见的山洪灾害,致使射月沟流域水库漫坝溃口,下游受灾严重。射月沟流域气象观测站点少且缺乏水文监测资料,为客观定量分析射月沟流域大暴雨面雨量、形成的洪水汇水量以及致灾水库过程。通过采用空间插值法和多源融合逐时降水资料（CMPAS）计算了射月沟水库上游面雨量并进行检验分析。根据不同面雨量驱动Floodarea模型得出射月沟水库上游累计汇水量,结果表明：多源融合降水产品估算所得最大洪峰流量和累计汇水量与水利部门事后调查数据较吻合,最大洪峰量为1 756 m³·s^-1,精确性达到调查值的95%,射月沟水库上游暴雨山洪总量为2.64×10⁷ m³,远超该水库的防洪库容和溢洪道承载能力。  相似文献   

基于地理探测器的干旱区内陆河流域产水量驱动力分析 ——以疏勒河流域为例          下载免费PDF全文

郑续  魏乐民  郭建军  周妍妍  陈冠光  岳东霞 《干旱区地理》2020,43(6):1477-1485

明确干旱区产水量的驱动因素，能为区域水资源优化和可持续发展提供科学依据。基于 MODIS 植被指数、HWSD 的土壤数据集以及气象要素数据，采用 InVEST 模型和地理探测器探究疏 勒河流域多年平均产水量的空间分布，揭示不同空间尺度上产水量的单因子及双因子交互驱动机 制。结果表明：疏勒河流域多年平均产水量呈现南部>北部>中部。流域尺度上，产水量空间格局 的主导驱动力为降水，坡度与降水交互驱动作用最为显著。区域尺度上，南部山区、北部马鬃山地 区和中部平原区的主导驱动力各不相同，分别为日照时数、人为干扰强度、降水，双因子交互作用 显示人为干扰强度与其它因子的交互最为显著。不同土地利用类型中，耕地产水量的主导驱动力 为坡度，而其它地类产水量的主要影响因子为降水。各地类中降水与其他因子的交互均大大增强 了单因子驱动力。因此，干旱区产水量多尺度驱动机制研究对区域水资源可持续管理至关重要。  相似文献   

新疆S214公路台特玛湖干涸湖盆段风沙危害及防治     

蔡东旭  李生宇  王海峰  俞祥祥  王世杰  徐新文 《中国沙漠》2020,40(1):1-11

新疆S214（考干-米兰，考米线）公路位于库鲁克塔格沙漠东南缘，穿越台特玛湖干涸湖盆。由于该区气候干旱，风力强劲，沙源丰富，流动沙丘广布且快速移动，风沙危害对公路运输构成严重威胁。通过对风沙环境和风沙危害定位观测和土壤水盐特征系统调查，确定了风沙危害极为严重的公路区段，提出了合理的风沙防护措施及防沙体系结构。结果表明：该区具有明显的单风向风况，主要盛行ENE和NE风，偶有反向风沙活动，起沙风频率、输沙势、输沙率极高，属于高能-大比率风能环境；受土壤水分、盐分含量影响，地表紧实度差异较大，部分地段为极疏松的沙层，部分地段为紧实的盐壳；S214公路风沙危害防护区段为K4+900~K18+200，设计建造的阻-固-输相结合的机械-植物复合防沙体系，防沙效果明显，保障了道路安全运营。这一强风沙、高盐区公路防沙体系建设模式可为类似环境地区工程防沙提供借鉴。  相似文献   

Building national eco-cultural protection areas and the Xiangxi practice in Hunan Province     

Liu  Chunla  Wu  Liping  Xu  Mei  Zeng  Fanchao  Jiao  Lipeng 《地理学报(英文版)》2020,30(12):2076-2092

Journal of Geographical Sciences - Since 2007, the Chinese government has initiated the building of national eco-cultural protection areas (NECPAs), thereby embarking on a significant...  相似文献   

A Thermo–Hydro–Mechanical Model: Capturing the Effects of Initial Permeability and Gas Pressure on Outburst-Prone Indicators     

Shu  Cai  Wang  Hongtu  Li  Xuelong  Fan  Jinyang  Ye  Xu 《Natural Resources Research》2020,29(3):1897-1914

Natural Resources Research - Coal and gas outbursts often result in a large number of casualties and economic losses. Its complex processes involve the multi-field coupling of gas flow, coal...  相似文献   

The NE Directed Seismicity Belt in Tibet after the MS8.1 Nepal Earthquake and Its Predictive Significance     

Wang Shuangxu  Zhu Liangyu  Xu Jing  Ji Lingyun  Jiang Fengyun 《中国地震研究》2018,32(1):119-129

After the 2015 M_S8.1 Nepal earthquake, a strong and moderate seismicity belt has formed in Tibet gradually spreading along the northeast direction. In this paper, we attempt to summarize the features and investigate the primary mechanism of this behavior of seismic activity, using a 2-D finite element numerical model with tectonic dynamic settings and GPS horizontal displacements as the constraints. In addition, compared with the NE-trending seismicity belt triggered by the 1996 Xiatongmoin earthquake, we discuss the future earthquake hazard in and around Tibet. Our results show that:the NE-directed seismicity belt is the response of enhanced loading on the anisotropic Qinghai-Tibetan plateau from the Indian plate and earthquake thrusting. Also, this possibly implies that a forthcoming strong earthquake may fill in the gaps in the NE-directed seismicity belt or enhance the seismic hazard in the eastern (the north-south seismic zone) and western (Tianshan tectonic region) parts near the NE-directed belt.  相似文献   

考虑视觉传达效果的震后区域三维图像虚拟重建          下载免费PDF全文

刘旭 《地震工程学报》2018,40(4):826-832

传统二维震害图像方法对震后区域进行研究时,由于其拍摄角度具有局限性,震后区域图像的视觉效果不理想。提出基于三维激光扫描技术的震后区域三维虚拟重建方法,采用三维激光扫描仪测量震后区域,获取该区域的点云数据,采用Cyclone软件合并点云数据后,得到震后区域拼接后的整体点云图,将该图点云数据进行去体外孤点、去噪声点以及点云取样等处理后实施封装,在封装的点云数据上采用Sketch模型实施贴图操作,实现视觉传达效果理想的震后区域三维图形的虚拟重建。实验证明,所提方法对震后区域的三维图像虚拟重建结果精度高、视觉效果好。  相似文献   

Analysis of Gravity Changes before and after the Akto MS6.7 Earthquake in 2016     

Ailixiati Yushan  Liu Daiqin  Li Jie  Li Rui  Abudutayier Yasen  Sun Xiaoxu  Zhu Zhiguo  Li Guirong  Chen Li 《中国地震研究》2018,32(3):377-387

This paper analyzes the characteristics of time sequence changes of gravity points near the epicenter, different changes of measuring lines and gravity changes of measuring areas in point-line-area manner respectively with the 5-period mobile gravity data through densified observation by the South Xinjiang Observation Network after the 2015-2016 Akto earthquake in Xinjiang. The gravity observation results before the earthquake indicate that the Wuqia-Bulungkol area near the epicenter presented the trend of gravity value increasing since 2015, but the gravity value decreased half a year before the earthquake, and witnessed a high gradient zone of gravity changes during some periods before the earthquake. The gravity observation results after the earthquake show that there is a trend of opposite changes in gravity difference on the northern and southern sides of Bulunkou, and good correspondence exists between the characteristics of gravity field changes near the epicenter before and after the earthquake and the geologic structure distribution in the area.  相似文献   

基于博弈论的海洋渔业融资约束问题研究          下载免费PDF全文

李煦  平瑛 《海洋开发与管理》2020,37(12):16-20

疫情的冲击使社会经济发展受到影响，我国政府出台一系列激励性政策，力求恢复企业正常生产经营。然而要实现金融支持的精准投放，亟须厘清目前海洋渔业融资约束形成的原因，从而有的放矢。文章在博弈论的框架下探讨海洋渔业融资约束的形成与破解，根据现实情况将海洋渔业融资交易行为定为不完全信息动态博弈。研究结果表明:海洋渔业经营主体提供越高价值的抵押物，越易达成博弈的最优均衡，从而有效减少融资约束；金融机构越能准确识别海洋渔业经营主体生产投资活动的回报收益率，也越易达成博弈的最优均衡，从而有效减少融资约束。在此基础上，建议:扩大针对海洋渔业经营主体的融资抵押物范围，如海域使用权等用益物权可仿照土地经营权进行抵押试点；鼓励和引导设立相关担保机构和专项基金，从而在抵押物缺失的情况下支持海洋渔业经营主体的生产性融资；金融机构可尝试与海洋渔业经营主体建立长期的合作关系，从而降低双方的信息不对称程度，进而有效识别回报收益率，避免因潜在风险而产生的融资约束。  相似文献   

Intra-continental deformation and tectonic evolution of the West Junggar Orogenic Belt,Central Asia:Evidence from remote sensing and structural geological analyses     

Wei-Cui Ding  Ting-Dong Li  Xuan-Hua Chen  Jian-Ping Chen  Sheng-Lin Xu  Yi-Ping Zhang  Bing Li  Qiang Yang 《地学前缘(英文版)》2020,(2):651-663

The West Junggar Orogenic Belt(WJOB)in northwestern Xinjiang,China,is located in the core of the western part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB).It has suffered two stage tectonic evolutions in Phanerozoic,before and after the ocean–continental conversion in Late Paleozoic.The later on intracontinental deformation,characterized by the development of the NE-trending West Junggar sinistral strike-slip fault system(WJFS)since Late Carboniferous and Early Permian,and the NW-trending Chingiz-Junggar dextral strike-slip fault(CJF)in Mesozoic and Cenozoic,has an important significance for the tectonic evolution of the WJOB and the CAOB.In this paper,we conduct geometric and kinematic analyses of the WJOB,based on field geological survey and structural interpretation of remote sensing image data.Using some piercing points such as truncated plutons and anticlines,an average magnitude of^73 km for the left-lateral strike-slip is calculated for the Darabut Fault,a major fault of the WJFS.Some partial of the displacement should be accommodated by strike-slip fault-related folds developed during the strike-slip faulting.Circular and curved faults,asymmetrical folds,and irregular contribution of ultramafic bodies,implies potential opposite vertical rotation of the Miao’ergou and the Akebasitao batholiths,resulted from the sinistral strike-slipping along the Darabut Fault.Due to conjugate shearing set of the sinistral WJFS and the dextral CJF since Early Mesozoic,superimposed folds formed with N–S convergence in southwestern part of the WJOB.  相似文献